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		<title>Jhordan em 00h16min de 29 de abril de 2021</title>
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		<updated>2021-04-29T00:16:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Edição anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Edição das 00h16min de 29 de abril de 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l45&quot;&gt;Linha 45:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 45:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==== Análise dos pontos de equilíbrio====&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==== Análise dos pontos de equilíbrio====&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Utilizando o software [https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/index.html.pt-br?footer=lang Mathematica] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;para &lt;/del&gt;obter os pontos de equilíbrio, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;então obtém-se que &lt;/del&gt;há 10 pontos de equilíbrio distribuídos da seguinte forma:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Utilizando o software [https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/index.html.pt-br?footer=lang Mathematica] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pode-se &lt;/ins&gt;obter os pontos de equilíbrio&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Para este conjunto de equações diferenciais, de maneira geral&lt;/ins&gt;, há 10 pontos de equilíbrio distribuídos da seguinte forma:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Ficheiro:pts_es.png|miniaturadaimagem|Posição dos pontos de equilíbrio estáveis à direita e os correspondente autovalores à esquerda.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Ficheiro:pts_es.png|miniaturadaimagem|Posição dos pontos de equilíbrio estáveis à direita e os correspondente autovalores à esquerda.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 1 ponto que nenhuma espécie sobrevive &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0,0\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1 ponto que nenhuma espécie sobrevive &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0,0\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1 ponto que apenas o  guanaco sobrevive: &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{j},0,0\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1 ponto que apenas o  guanaco sobrevive: &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{j},0,0\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1 ponto em que sobrevive apenas a ovelha: &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,y_{j},0\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1 ponto em que sobrevive apenas a ovelha: &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,y_{j},0\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1 ponto em que sobrevive apenas presas: &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{j},y_{j},0\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1 ponto em que sobrevive apenas presas: &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{j},y_{j},0\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* 2 pontos que sobrevivem apenas o guanaco e a puma &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{j},0,z_{j}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2 pontos que sobrevivem apenas o guanaco e a puma &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{j},0,z_{j}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2 pontos que sobrevivem apenas a ovelha e a puma &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,y_{j},z_{j}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2 pontos que sobrevivem apenas a ovelha e a puma &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,y_{j},z_{j}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2 ponto que todas espécies sobrevivem &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{j},y_{j},z_{j}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2 ponto que todas espécies sobrevivem &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{j},y_{j},z_{j}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conseguirmos analisar melhor então&lt;/del&gt;, devido a complexidade dos pontos, será utilizado o seguinte conjunto de parâmetros: &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_1=0.2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_2=0.4&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_y=0.06&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;e_1=0.05&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;e_2=0.01&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mu_1=0.2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mu_2=0.8&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Pode-se &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ver &lt;/del&gt;que a destruição do sistema &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; foi mantida como variável. Utilizando então o método de linearização &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pela &lt;/del&gt;matriz Jacobiana, tem-se 5 pontos &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;no qual apresentam &lt;/del&gt;autovalores negativos &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;para &lt;/del&gt;alguma faixa de valores de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Especificamente:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;que seja possível efetuar uma análise&lt;/ins&gt;, devido a complexidade dos pontos, será utilizado o seguinte conjunto de parâmetros: &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_1=0.2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_2=0.4&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;c_y=0.06&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;e_1=0.05&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;e_2=0.01&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mu_1=0.2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mu_2=0.8&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Pode-se &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;perceber &lt;/ins&gt;que a destruição do sistema &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; foi mantida como variável. Utilizando&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-se &lt;/ins&gt;então o método de linearização &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;da &lt;/ins&gt;matriz Jacobiana, tem-se 5 pontos &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;que possuem todos os &lt;/ins&gt;autovalores negativos &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;em &lt;/ins&gt;alguma faixa de valores de &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Especificamente:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Ficheiro:pts_ins.png|miniaturadaimagem|Posição dos pontos de equilíbrio instáveis à direita e os correspondente autovalores à esquerda.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Ficheiro:pts_ins.png|miniaturadaimagem|Posição dos pontos de equilíbrio instáveis à direita e os correspondente autovalores à esquerda.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;0.35&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;: Guanaco e puma sobrevivem:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;0.35&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;: Guanaco e puma sobrevivem:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l63&quot;&gt;Linha 63:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 64:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0.975&amp;lt;D&amp;lt;1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;: Nenhuma espécie sobrevive.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0.975&amp;lt;D&amp;lt;1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;: Nenhuma espécie sobrevive.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Temos mais &lt;/del&gt;2 pontos de equilíbrio que ainda são estados possíveis, mas &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tem &lt;/del&gt;ao menos um autovalor positivo, isto é, são pontos de equilíbrio instável. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Porém elas também &lt;/del&gt;possuem &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ao menos um autovalor negativo&lt;/del&gt;, o que implica que se o sistema estiver &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;exatamente nesta direção &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dada &lt;/del&gt;pelo &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;autovetor &lt;/del&gt;correspondente &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ao &lt;/del&gt;autovalor) vai se aproximar do ponto de equilíbrio. O primeiro ponto é um ponto de estabilidade em uma situação sem guanacos, os 2 autovetores com autovalores negativos &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;também &lt;/del&gt;estão no plano &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{2}\times y&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; com &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ou seja, um sistema sem guanacos se aproximaria deste ponto de equilíbrio.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;2 pontos de equilíbrio que ainda são estados possíveis, mas &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;posuem &lt;/ins&gt;ao menos um autovalor positivo, isto é, são pontos de equilíbrio instável. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Estes pontos não &lt;/ins&gt;possuem &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;todos os autovalores positivo&lt;/ins&gt;, o que implica que se o sistema estiver &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;certas direções &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dadas &lt;/ins&gt;pelo &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;autovetores &lt;/ins&gt;correspondente &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;aos &lt;/ins&gt;autovalor &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;negativo&lt;/ins&gt;) vai se aproximar do ponto de equilíbrio. O primeiro ponto é um ponto de estabilidade em uma situação sem guanacos, os 2 autovetores com autovalores negativos estão no plano &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{2}\times y&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; com &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ou seja, um sistema sem guanacos se aproximaria deste ponto de equilíbrio.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;E o segundo é um ponto de equilíbrio apenas com guanacos. Mas temos diferentes comportamentos em cada faixa de &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Em um &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Ficheiro:pts_ss.png|miniaturadaimagem|Posição dos pontos de equilíbrio que não fazem sentido ecologicamente à direita e os correspondentes autovalores à esquerda.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Ficheiro:pts_ss.png|miniaturadaimagem|Posição dos pontos de equilíbrio que não fazem sentido ecologicamente à direita e os correspondentes autovalores à esquerda.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;primeiro momento &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(D&amp;lt;D_{1}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; os autovetores de autovalor negativo estão em um plano sem predador &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}\times x_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Em um segundo momento &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(D_{1}&amp;lt;D&amp;lt;D_{2}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; temos apenas um autovetor apontando no eixo dos guanacos, por fim &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D&amp;gt;D_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; sem ovelhas, isto é, os 2 autovetores estão no plano &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}\times y&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Além disso, como comentamos, o primeiro ponto deixa de ser estável a partir de &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;0.35&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, este continua sendo um ponto de equilíbrio, apresentando os 2 autovetores com o autovalor negativo no plano &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}\times y&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, isto é, se não existir ovelhas, é um ponto de estabilidade. Em todo caso, podemos ver que ambos se comportam como estável apenas em situações em que alguma espécie está extinta, ou seja quando já temos um sistema de duas espécies. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Algo interessante &lt;/del&gt;é que os pontos de equilíbrio fora do ’volume de estados possíveis’  e que possuem algum autovalor negativo, a direção &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;em que &lt;/del&gt;o sistema se aproximaria deste ponto, não passa pelo volume de estados possíveis. Por exemplo, para &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D=0.8&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; há um ponto de equilíbrio em &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0.31,-0.068\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, o que não é aceitável por possuir uma população de predador negativa. Porém o seu autovalor negativo &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;é &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;-0.023&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, com &lt;/del&gt;o autovetor &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(-0.29,0.,0.95\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ou seja, o sistema nessa direção se aproxima deste ponto de equilíbrio. Porém esta direção não passa pelo volume de estados aceitáveis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;E o segundo ponto tem diferentes comportamentos para diferentes faixas de &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Em um  primeiro momento &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(D&amp;lt;D_{1}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; os autovetores de autovalor negativo estão em um plano sem predador &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}\times x_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Em um segundo momento &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(D_{1}&amp;lt;D&amp;lt;D_{2}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; temos apenas um autovetor apontando no eixo dos guanacos, por fim &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D&amp;gt;D_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; sem ovelhas, isto &lt;/ins&gt;é&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, os 2 autovetores estão no plano &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}\times y&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Além disso, como comentamos, o primeiro ponto deixa de ser estável a partir de &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;0.35&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, este continua sendo um ponto de equilíbrio, apresentando os 2 autovetores com o autovalor negativo no plano &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}\times y&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, isto é, se não existir ovelhas, é um ponto de estabilidade. Em todo caso, podemos ver que ambos se comportam como estável apenas em situações em que alguma espécie está extinta, ou seja quando já temos um sistema de duas espécies. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&amp;gt;[[Ficheiro:vol.png|centro|miniaturadaimagem|400x200px|À esquerda &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;temos o &lt;/del&gt;ponto de equilíbrio fora do volume de configurações aceitáveis &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;do sistema, com o direção com que o autovetor associado ao autovalor negativo aponta. E &lt;/del&gt;à direita &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;o equivalente para &lt;/del&gt;um ponto &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;na face do cubo e com dois autovalores negativos&lt;/del&gt;.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Vale destacar &lt;/ins&gt;que os pontos de equilíbrio fora do ’volume de estados possíveis’  e que possuem algum autovalor negativo, a direção &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;no qual &lt;/ins&gt;o sistema se aproximaria deste ponto, não passa pelo volume de estados possíveis. Por exemplo, para &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D=0.8&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; há um ponto de equilíbrio em &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0.31,-0.068\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, o que não é aceitável por possuir uma população de predador negativa. Porém o seu autovalor negativo &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;possui &lt;/ins&gt;o &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;seguinte &lt;/ins&gt;autovetor&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(-0.29,0.,0.95\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ou seja, o sistema nessa direção se aproxima deste ponto de equilíbrio. Porém esta direção não passa pelo volume de estados aceitáveis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&amp;gt;[[Ficheiro:vol.png|centro|miniaturadaimagem|400x200px|À esquerda &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;um &lt;/ins&gt;ponto de equilíbrio &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;instável &lt;/ins&gt;fora do volume de configurações aceitáveis &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e &lt;/ins&gt;à direita um ponto &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de equilíbrio também instável, mas aceitável&lt;/ins&gt;.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A &lt;/del&gt;esquerda &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to &lt;/del&gt;ponto mencionado, mostrando como o autovetor não aponta em uma direção que passe pelo cubo de volumes aceitáveis. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Para &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D=0.4&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, o mesmo ponto se desloca para um valor aceitável &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0.37,0.10\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;porém é &lt;/del&gt;instável. Dois dos seus autovalores são negativos &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;-0.14,-0.014&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;) &lt;/del&gt;com os correspondentes autovetores &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,1.00,-0.04\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,-0.91,0.41\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Então nestas direções o sistema se aproxima do ponto de equilíbrio, ou seja no plano em que não há guanacos, uma vez que nosso sistema é &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{1},x_{2},y\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Além dos 7 pontos discutidos aqui, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;temos &lt;/del&gt;mais 3 pontos que não representam um estado acessível ao sistema, portanto não há interesse em analisá-los.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Na imagem anterior, à &lt;/ins&gt;esquerda ponto mencionado &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;anteriormente&lt;/ins&gt;, mostrando como o autovetor não aponta em uma direção que passe pelo cubo de volumes aceitáveis. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Agora, para &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D=0.4&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, o mesmo ponto se desloca para um valor aceitável&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0.37,0.10\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sem deixar de ser &lt;/ins&gt;instável. Dois dos seus autovalores são negativos com os correspondentes autovetores &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,1.00,-0.04\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,-0.91,0.41\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Então nestas direções o sistema se aproxima do ponto de equilíbrio, ou seja&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, apresentam um comportamento estável &lt;/ins&gt;no plano em que não há guanacos, uma vez que nosso sistema é &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{1},x_{2},y\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Além dos 7 pontos discutidos aqui, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;há &lt;/ins&gt;mais 3 pontos que não representam um estado acessível ao sistema, portanto não há interesse em analisá-los.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Plotando as frações ocupada &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\times&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; a destruição do sistema, tem-se:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Plotando as frações ocupada &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\times&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; a destruição do sistema, tem-se:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l85&quot;&gt;Linha 85:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 89:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;Pode-se perceber todas combinações possíveis de sobrevivência: as duas presas sozinhas (O&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;,P&lt;/del&gt;), presas coexistindo entre si (&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;PO&lt;/del&gt;), cada &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;presas &lt;/del&gt;coexistindo apenas com o predador (PO,PG), e a coexistência das três espécies (PGO) e ainda para uma faixa próxima &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D\approx1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; a extinção total de todas as espécies. Podemos perceber que a destruição do sistema é o que mais pesa para a sobrevivência ou não das presas, sendo que o Guanaco tem vantagem para valores de destruição mais &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;baixo&lt;/del&gt;, e as ovelhas para maiores destruições, devido ao &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;apoio &lt;/del&gt;humano.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pode-se perceber todas combinações possíveis de sobrevivência: as duas presas sozinhas (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;G,&lt;/ins&gt;O), presas coexistindo entre si (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;GO&lt;/ins&gt;), cada &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;presa &lt;/ins&gt;coexistindo apenas com o predador (PO,PG), e a coexistência das três espécies (PGO) e ainda para uma faixa próxima &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D\approx1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; a extinção total de todas as espécies. Podemos perceber que a destruição do sistema é o que mais pesa para a sobrevivência ou não das presas, sendo que o Guanaco tem vantagem para valores de destruição mais &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;baixos devido a ser um competidor superior&lt;/ins&gt;, e as ovelhas para maiores destruições, devido ao &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;suporte &lt;/ins&gt;humano.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== Códigos ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== Códigos ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jhordan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4324&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jhordan em 06h50min de 28 de abril de 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4324&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-04-28T06:50:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Edição anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Edição das 06h50min de 28 de abril de 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l70&quot;&gt;Linha 70:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 70:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Algo interessante é que os pontos de equilíbrio fora do ’volume de estados possíveis’  e que possuem algum autovalor negativo, a direção em que o sistema se aproximaria deste ponto, não passa pelo volume de estados possíveis. Por exemplo, para &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D=0.8&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; há um ponto de equilíbrio em &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0.31,-0.068\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, o que não é aceitável por possuir uma população de predador negativa. Porém o seu autovalor negativo é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;-0.023&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, com o autovetor &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(-0.29,0.,0.95\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ou seja, o sistema nessa direção se aproxima deste ponto de equilíbrio. Porém esta direção não passa pelo volume de estados aceitáveis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Algo interessante é que os pontos de equilíbrio fora do ’volume de estados possíveis’  e que possuem algum autovalor negativo, a direção em que o sistema se aproximaria deste ponto, não passa pelo volume de estados possíveis. Por exemplo, para &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D=0.8&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; há um ponto de equilíbrio em &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0.31,-0.068\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, o que não é aceitável por possuir uma população de predador negativa. Porém o seu autovalor negativo é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;-0.023&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, com o autovetor &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(-0.29,0.,0.95\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, ou seja, o sistema nessa direção se aproxima deste ponto de equilíbrio. Porém esta direção não passa pelo volume de estados aceitáveis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&amp;gt;[[Ficheiro:vol.png|centro|miniaturadaimagem|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;602x300px&lt;/del&gt;|À esquerda temos o ponto de equilíbrio fora do volume de configurações aceitáveis do sistema, com o direção com que o autovetor associado ao autovalor negativo aponta. E à direita o equivalente para um ponto na face do cubo e com dois autovalores negativos.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&amp;gt;[[Ficheiro:vol.png|centro|miniaturadaimagem|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;400x200px&lt;/ins&gt;|À esquerda temos o ponto de equilíbrio fora do volume de configurações aceitáveis do sistema, com o direção com que o autovetor associado ao autovalor negativo aponta. E à direita o equivalente para um ponto na face do cubo e com dois autovalores negativos.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A esquerda to ponto mencionado, mostrando como o autovetor não aponta em uma direção que passe pelo cubo de volumes aceitáveis. Para &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D=0.4&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, o mesmo ponto se desloca para um valor aceitável &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0.37,0.10\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, porém é instável. Dois dos seus autovalores são negativos (&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;-0.14,-0.014&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;) com os correspondentes autovetores &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,1.00,-0.04\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,-0.91,0.41\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Então nestas direções o sistema se aproxima do ponto de equilíbrio, ou seja no plano em que não há guanacos, uma vez que nosso sistema é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{1},x_{2},y\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Além dos 7 pontos discutidos aqui, temos mais 3 pontos que não representam um estado acessível ao sistema, portanto não há interesse em analisá-los.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A esquerda to ponto mencionado, mostrando como o autovetor não aponta em uma direção que passe pelo cubo de volumes aceitáveis. Para &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D=0.4&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, o mesmo ponto se desloca para um valor aceitável &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,0.37,0.10\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, porém é instável. Dois dos seus autovalores são negativos (&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;-0.14,-0.014&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;) com os correspondentes autovetores &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,1.00,-0.04\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(0,-0.91,0.41\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Então nestas direções o sistema se aproxima do ponto de equilíbrio, ou seja no plano em que não há guanacos, uma vez que nosso sistema é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{1},x_{2},y\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Além dos 7 pontos discutidos aqui, temos mais 3 pontos que não representam um estado acessível ao sistema, portanto não há interesse em analisá-los.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jhordan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4323&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jhordan em 06h48min de 28 de abril de 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4323&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-04-28T06:48:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;amp;diff=4323&amp;amp;oldid=4311&quot;&gt;Mostrar alterações&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jhordan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4311&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jhordan em 05h11min de 28 de abril de 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4311&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-04-28T05:11:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Edição anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Edição das 05h11min de 28 de abril de 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Linha 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo espacialmente explícito para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito | Modelo espacialmente explícito &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;apra &lt;/del&gt;3 espécies }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo espacialmente explícito para 2 espécies]] | &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Modelo espacialmente explícito | Modelo espacialmente explícito &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;para &lt;/ins&gt;3 espécies&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para três espécies o modelo de Levins se torna:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para três espécies o modelo de Levins se torna:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l48&quot;&gt;Linha 48:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 48:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo espacialmente explícito para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito | Modelo espacialmente explícito &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;apra &lt;/del&gt;3 espécies }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo espacialmente explícito para 2 espécies]] | &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Modelo espacialmente explícito | Modelo espacialmente explícito &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;para &lt;/ins&gt;3 espécies&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jhordan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4310&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jhordan em 05h10min de 28 de abril de 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4310&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-04-28T05:10:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Edição anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Edição das 05h10min de 28 de abril de 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Linha 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de Levins aprimorado &lt;/del&gt;para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;espacialmente explícito &lt;/ins&gt;para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| Modelo espacialmente explícito apra 3 espécies &lt;/ins&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para três espécies o modelo de Levins se torna:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para três espécies o modelo de Levins se torna:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l48&quot;&gt;Linha 48:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 48:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de Levins aprimorado &lt;/del&gt;para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;espacialmente explícito &lt;/ins&gt;para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| Modelo espacialmente explícito apra 3 espécies &lt;/ins&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jhordan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4283&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jhordan em 23h48min de 13 de abril de 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4283&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-04-13T23:48:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Edição anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Edição das 23h48min de 13 de abril de 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot;&gt;Linha 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para três espécies o modelo de Levins se torna:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Para três espécies o modelo de Levins se torna:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;display=&quot;block&quot;&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\frac{dx_{1}}{dt}= &amp;amp; c_{1}x_{1}\left(1-D-x_{1}\right)-e_{1}x_{1}-\mu_{1}x_{1}y \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\frac{dx_{1}}{dt}= &amp;amp; c_{1}x_{1}\left(1-D-x_{1}\right)-e_{1}x_{1}-\mu_{1}x_{1}y \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\frac{dx_{2}}{dt}= &amp;amp; x_{2}\left[c_{2}\left(1-D-x_{1}-x_{2}+x_{1}x_{2}\right)-\left(e_{2}+\mu_{2}y+c_{x_{1}}x_{1}\right)\right] \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\frac{dx_{2}}{dt}= &amp;amp; x_{2}\left[c_{2}\left(1-D-x_{1}-x_{2}+x_{1}x_{2}\right)-\left(e_{2}+\mu_{2}y+c_{x_{1}}x_{1}\right)\right] \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot;&gt;Linha 21:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 21:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== Ovelha ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== Ovelha ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{dx_{2}}{dt}= x_{2}\left[c_{2}\left(1-D-x_{1}-x_{2}+x_{1}x_{2}\right)-\left(e_{2}+\mu_{2}y+c_{x_{1}}x_{1}\right)\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;display=&quot;block&quot;&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;\frac{dx_{2}}{dt}= x_{2}\left[c_{2}\left(1-D-x_{1}-x_{2}+x_{1}x_{2}\right)-\left(e_{2}+\mu_{2}y+c_{x_{1}}x_{1}\right)\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A ovelha talvez  tenha a dinâmica mais complexa do sistema, pois é tanto um competidor inferior ao gunaco, quanto uma presa para o puma, e isso interfere diretamente nos fragmentos disponíveis para a colonização. Pensando em probabilidade e conectando a probabilidade de ocorrer a colonização, é dada pela probabilidade de que cada tentativa de colonização tenha sucesso &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;c_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento disponível pra as ovelhas é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;P\left(F_{D}^{O}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Lembrando que para o caso do guanaco, isso era apenas:&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot;&amp;gt;P\left(F_{D}^{G}\right)=\left(1-D-x_{1}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Pois probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento destruído é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, e de selecionarmos um fragmento ocupado por guanacos é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, e são eventos independentes, isto é, nunca temos um fragmento destruído com guanacos. Então a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento que o guanaco não pode colonizar é dado por &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D+x_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, uma vez que são eventos mutuamente exclusivos. Por complementaridade a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento que o guanaco pode colonizar é dado por &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1-\left(D+x_{1}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A ovelha talvez  tenha a dinâmica mais complexa do sistema, pois é tanto um competidor inferior ao gunaco, quanto uma presa para o puma, e isso interfere diretamente nos fragmentos disponíveis para a colonização. Pensando em probabilidade e conectando a probabilidade de ocorrer a colonização, é dada pela probabilidade de que cada tentativa de colonização tenha sucesso &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;c_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;e&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento disponível pra as ovelhas é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;P\left(F_{D}^{O}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Lembrando que para o caso do guanaco, isso era apenas:&amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot;&amp;gt;P\left(F_{D}^{G}\right)=\left(1-D-x_{1}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Pois probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento destruído é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, e de selecionarmos um fragmento ocupado por guanacos é &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, e são eventos independentes, isto é, nunca temos um fragmento destruído com guanacos. Então a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento que o guanaco não pode colonizar é dado por &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;D+x_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, uma vez que são eventos mutuamente exclusivos. Por complementaridade a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento que o guanaco pode colonizar é dado por &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1-\left(D+x_{1}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l33&quot;&gt;Linha 33:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 33:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Puma&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Puma&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}= y\left[c_{y}\left[\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)-y\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)\right]-e_{y}\right] &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;display=&quot;block&quot;&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}= y\left[c_{y}\left[\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)-y\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)\right]-e_{y}\right] &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Começando com a parte simples do que já discutimos, a população é reduzida devido a um fator de extinção &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;e_{y}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, e não temos predação, pois o puma é próprio predador. &amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Ficheiro:Veinn.png|esquerda|miniaturadaimagem|208x208px|[https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagrama_de_Venn Diagrama de Veinn]  representando os conjuntos envolvidos no sistema.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Começando com a parte simples do que já discutimos, a população é reduzida devido a um fator de extinção &amp;lt;math display=&amp;quot;inline&amp;quot;&amp;gt;e_{y}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, e não temos predação, pois o puma é próprio predador. &amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Ficheiro:Veinn.png|esquerda|miniaturadaimagem|208x208px|[https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagrama_de_Venn Diagrama de Veinn]  representando os conjuntos envolvidos no sistema.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jhordan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4282&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jhordan em 23h46min de 13 de abril de 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://fiscomp.if.ufrgs.br/index.php?title=Modelo_de_Levins_aprimorado_para_3_esp%C3%A9cies&amp;diff=4282&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-04-13T23:46:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Edição anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Edição das 23h46min de 13 de abril de 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Linha 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo de Levins aprimorado para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo de Levins aprimorado para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Para três espécies o modelo de Levins se torna:&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\frac{dx_{1}}{dt}= &amp;amp; c_{1}x_{1}\left(1-D-x_{1}\right)-e_{1}x_{1}-\mu_{1}x_{1}y \\&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\frac{dx_{2}}{dt}= &amp;amp; x_{2}\left[c_{2}\left(1-D-x_{1}-x_{2}+x_{1}x_{2}\right)-\left(e_{2}+\mu_{2}y+c_{x_{1}}x_{1}\right)\right] \\&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\frac{dy}{dt}= &amp;amp; y\left[c_{y}\left[\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)-y\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)\right]-e_{y}\right] \\&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;====== Guanaco ======&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\frac{dx_{1}}{dt}=x_{1}\left[c_{1}\left(1-D-x_{1}\right)-\left(e_{1}+\mu_{1}y\right)\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Podemos perceber que é a mesma equação para a presa no modelo de duas [[Modelo de Levins aprimorado para 2 espécies|2 espécies]], proporcional a população atual.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;O termo responsável pelo aumento na população é o que representa a colonização. Podemos pensar em termos probabilísticos, que temos 3 eventos independentes:&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Probabilidade &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; de selecionar um fragmento com um guanaco disponível para tentar a colonização;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Probabilidade &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(1-D-x_{1}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;  selecionar um fragmento disponível  para ser colonizado;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Probabilidade &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;c_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; de que cada tentativa de colonização tenha sucesso.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A queda na população acontece por dois termos que representam dois eventos diferentes:&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Extinção local: depende da taxa &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;e_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Temos como dois eventos independentes a probabilidade &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; selecionar um fragmento com guanaco e a probabilidade &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;e_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; de que cada guanaco sofra a extinção local.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Predação: depende da população de predadores &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e a taxa de predação &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\mu_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Novamente podemos interpretar como três eventos independentes.  Probabilidade &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; de selecionarmos uma puma, probabilidade &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; de selecionarmos um guanaco e probabilidade &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mu_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; de ocorrer a predação a cada encontro. Assim como o modelo de Lotka-Volterra, a predação é proporcional a população de ambas as espécies.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;====== Ovelha ======&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{dx_{2}}{dt}= x_{2}\left[c_{2}\left(1-D-x_{1}-x_{2}+x_{1}x_{2}\right)-\left(e_{2}+\mu_{2}y+c_{x_{1}}x_{1}\right)\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A ovelha talvez  tenha a dinâmica mais complexa do sistema, pois é tanto um competidor inferior ao gunaco, quanto uma presa para o puma, e isso interfere diretamente nos fragmentos disponíveis para a colonização. Pensando em probabilidade e conectando a probabilidade de ocorrer a colonização, é dada pela probabilidade de que cada tentativa de colonização tenha sucesso &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;c_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039; a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento disponível pra as ovelhas é &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;P\left(F_{D}^{O}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Lembrando que para o caso do guanaco, isso era apenas:&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;P\left(F_{D}^{G}\right)=\left(1-D-x_{1}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Pois probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento destruído é &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, e de selecionarmos um fragmento ocupado por guanacos é &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;x_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, e são eventos independentes, isto é, nunca temos um fragmento destruído com guanacos. Então a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento que o guanaco não pode colonizar é dado por &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D+x_{1}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, uma vez que são eventos mutuamente exclusivos. Por complementaridade a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento que o guanaco pode colonizar é dado por &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;1-\left(D+x_{1}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Agora precisamos considerar os fragmentos que estão destruídos e os ocupados por ovelhas ou guanacos. Mas a ocupação de guanacos e ovelhas não é exclusiva, isto é, temos fragmentos ocupados por guanacos e ovelhas. Então a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento ocupado por guanaco ou ovelha é dado por &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;P\left(x_{1}\cup x_{2}\right)=x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, uma vez são eventos independentes. Sendo assim a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento indisponível é dado por &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;D+x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. E novamente recorrendo a complementaridade, a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento disponível para a ovelha é dada por então por &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;1-\left(D+x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;De resto, a população diminui de forma semelhante ao guanaco:&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Termo de extinção local: proporcional a taxa de extinção local &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;e_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Termo de predação: proporcional a população de predadores &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e a taxa de predação &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\mu_{2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Termo de deslocamento: ocorre devido a competição hierárquica e matematicamente é idêntico a predação, apenas substituímos &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;y \rightarrow x_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\mu_2 \rightarrow c_1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;====== &#039;&#039;&#039;Puma&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}= y\left[c_{y}\left[\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)-y\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)\right]-e_{y}\right] &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Começando com a parte simples do que já discutimos, a população é reduzida devido a um fator de extinção &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;e_{y}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, e não temos predação, pois o puma é próprio predador. &amp;lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&amp;gt;[[Ficheiro:Veinn.png|esquerda|miniaturadaimagem|208x208px|[https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagrama_de_Venn Diagrama de Veinn]  representando os conjuntos envolvidos no sistema.]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;Agora novamente a parte complexa reside na hora de levarmos em conta a probabilidade de selecionarmos um fragmento disponível. Precisamos considerar todos os fragmentos ocupados ocupados por guanacos ou ovelhas. E quando fazemos isso, precisamos tomar cuidado para não contar duas vezes fragmentos que estejam ocupados por ambas as espécies, então temos &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;P\left(x_{1}\cup x_{2}\right)=P\left(x_{1}\right)+P\left(x_{2}\right)-P\left(x_{1}\cap x_{2}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Além disso, também precisamos descontar os fragmentos que já estão ocupados por pumas, então precisamos descontar os que possuem guanaco e puma &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;P\left(x_{1}\cap y\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; , ovelha e puma &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;P\left(x_{2}\cap y\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Porém novamente, não podemos descontar duas vezes os fragmentos que possuem ovelha, guanaco e puma, então é necessário &quot;devolver&quot; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;P\left(x_{1}\cap x_2\cap y\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Temos então:&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}=y\left[c_{y}\left[P\left(x_{1}\cup x_{2}\right)-P\left(x_{1}\cap y\right)-P\left(x_{2}\cap y\right)+P\left(x_{2}\cap y\cap x_{1}\right)\right]-e_{y}\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}=y\left[c_{y}\left[P\left(x_{1}\right)+P\left(x_{2}\right)-P\left(x_{1}\cap x_{2}\right)-P\left(x_{1}\cap y\right)-P\left(x_{2}\cap y\right)+P\left(x_{2}\cap y\cap x_{1}\right)\right]-e_{y}\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Como são todos eventos independentes:&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}=y\left[c_{y}\left[P\left(x_{1}\right)+P\left(x_{2}\right)-P\left(x_{1}\right)P\left(x_{2}\right)-P\left(x_{1}\right)P\left(y\right)-P\left(x_{2}\right)P\left(x_{y}\right)+P\left(x_{1}\right)P\left(x_{2}\right)P\left(x_{y}\right)\right]-e_{y}\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;E substituindo as probabilidades pelas frações:&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}=y\left[c_{y}\left[x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}-x_{1}y-x_{2}y+x_{1}x_{2}y\right]-e_{y}\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}=y\left[c_{y}\left[\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)-y\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)\right]-e_{y}\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;E como &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(x_{1}+x_{2}-x_{1}x_{2}\right)=P\left(x_{1}\cup x_{2}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, podemos reescrever como:&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}=y\left[c_{y}\left[P\left(x_{1}\cup x_{2}\right)-P\left(y\right)P\left(x_{1}\cup x_{2}\right)\right]-e_{y}\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Ou ainda:&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}=y\left[c_{y}\left(1-P\left(y\right)\right)P\left(x_{1}\cup x_{2}\right)-e_{y}\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Denotando o espaço complementar como &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;\left(1-P\left(y\right)\right)=P\left(y\right)^{c}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&amp;gt;\frac{dy}{dt}=y\left[c_{y}P\left(y\right)^{c}P\left(x_{1}\cup x_{2}\right)-e_{y}\right]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Ou seja o termo de colonização é proporcional aos fragmentos ocupados pelas ovelhas e guanacos &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;P\left(x_{1}\cup x_{2}\right)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; e os fragmentos livres das pumas &amp;lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&amp;gt;P\left(y\right)^{c}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===Principal material utilizado===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.0024.pdf Mathematical model of livestock and wildlife: Predationand competition under environmental disturbances] (Fabiana Laguna e outros, Ecological Modelling)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo de Levins aprimorado para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Ecologia| [[Modelo de Levins aprimorado para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito }}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jhordan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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{{Ecologia| [[Modelo de Levins aprimorado para 2 espécies]] | Modelo espacialmente explícito }}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jhordan</name></author>
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